Pentcho Valev
17th April 2007 - 06:36 AM
WAS EINSTEIN RIGHT OR ARE THE AXIOMS TRUE?
One day scientists may discover that neither Einstein nor the theory as a whole are tested but, rather, "the so-called axioms":
Einstein: "Guided by empirical data, the investigator rather develops a system of thought which, in general, is built up logically from a small number of fundamental assumptions, the so-called axioms."
So in the present case scientist would ask: Is the geodetic effect confirmed by this experiment consistent or inconsistent with Einstein's 1911 discovery that the speed of light varies with the gravitational potential:
http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae13.cfm :
"So, it is absolutely true that the speed of light is _not_ constant in a gravitational field [which, by the equivalence principle, applies as well to accelerating (non-inertial) frames of reference]. If this were not so, there would be no bending of light by the gravitational field of stars. One can do a simple Huyghens reconstruction of a wave front, taking into account the different speed of advance of the wavefront at different distances from the star (variation of speed of light), to derive the deflection of the light by the star.
Indeed, this is exactly how Einstein did the calculation in:
"On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light," Annalen der Physik, 35, 1911.
which predated the full formal development of general relativity by about four years. This paper is widely available in English. You can find a copy beginning on page 99 of the Dover book "The Principle of Relativity." You will find in section 3 of that paper, Einstein's derivation of the (variable) speed of light in a gravitational potential, eqn (3). The result is,
c' = c0 ( 1 + V / c^2 )
where V is the gravitational potential relative to the point where the speed of light c0 is measured."
Then scientists would apply the equivalence principle and, provided they have answered the first question, would answer the most important question: Is the geodetic effect confirmed by this experiment consistent or inconsistent with Einstein's principle of constancy of the speed of light:
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/ : "...light is always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity c which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body."
Pentcho Valev
pvalev@yahoo.com