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marker5a
I have an understanding of what transistors are and how they work etc... I just have never used them in an application before... and now I am. I need to switch 300V, with a very low amperage, no more than 10 mA. The switch needs to be triggered by a 5v signal, so I found an NPN transistor that I thought would be suitable, I just wanted to make sure the ratings checked out alright.

It is an NTE51 transistor with the following:

Vcbo = 700V
Vceo = 400V
Vebo = 9V

It looks to be correct for what Im doing like I said, just wanted to double check...

Thanks
cjameshuff
The basic approach you're taking can work, but I would strongly suggest either using a solid-state relay or a circuit incorporating good isolation between the high and low voltage sections. If, through design or wiring errors or component failures, 300V power gets into your 5V control circuitry...poof. And if you happen to be holding some low-voltage piece at the time...

An optoisolator with a separate power supply on the 300V side to produce the gate control voltage, perhaps. A power MOSFET transistor might be a better choice than a bipolar transistor, it will switch with very little gate current, so you might get away with a simple voltage divider to get the gate voltage in a range the MOSFET and optoisolator can handle. This all involves rather more work to design and put together than a simple solid state relay would, however...and I would definitely suggest you get more experience with transistors before using them in a 300V application. The relay will have better-specified limits and capabilities, and will be of a tested and robust design.

Some things you failed to mention...are you switching 300V AC or DC? And how quickly/often do you need to switch it?
marker5a
Thank you for the quick response... Yea, forgot to mention that it will be switching 300VDC for no longer than a second... I found it difficult to find a (reasonably sized) relay that matched those specs. I am taking the flash mechanism from a disposable camera.. which includes a 300V cap to discharge into the flashing mechanism. I am going to have the cap go into whatever switching device I use to zap squirrels that get into my birdfeeder, hence the short switch time and low amperage. I am using a PIC to send the signal to close the switch.

I will look more into some of your ideas, they do make sense, I just had this NTE51 layin around and noticed its specs, so I wanted to check.

Aprpeciate your info and would appreciate any more pointers you may have to offer.

Thanks again
Ron
Hi All,
Marker,
I've used this company for x-band pulse switching hexfets at 100Vd and above 50W average power. Check through the spec's for what you need.
Peace,
Ron

http://www.irf.com/indexsw.html
Enthalpy
Did I understand properly that your are planning to electrocute squirrels?
Without my help, sorry.
cjameshuff
QUOTE (marker5a+May 22 2007, 04:16 PM)
Thank you for the quick response... Yea, forgot to mention that it will be switching 300VDC for no longer than a second... I found it difficult to find a (reasonably sized) relay that matched those specs.  I am taking the flash mechanism from a disposable camera.. which includes a 300V cap to discharge into the flashing mechanism.  I am going to have the cap go into whatever switching device I use to zap squirrels that get into my birdfeeder, hence the short switch time and low amperage.  I am using a PIC to send the signal to close the switch.

If you're using the transistor to connect the capacitor to contacts on the birdfeeder, be aware that the current may not be as small as you hope...capacitors can develop very high currents when shorted out. I'm unsure of the typical figures for electrical resistance of squirrels...but that capacitor can be quite lethal to humans if it ends up discharging across your chest. Even just discharging into your hand could cause serious injury, either directly or through uncontrollable muscle contraction.

A better tactic might be to do the switching on the low voltage side, only turning the flash charger on when you want a charge to be present. Put a resistor across the capacitor to make it discharge when not being charged, perhaps reduce the size (but not the voltage rating!) of the capacitor to make the circuit respond faster overall. Removing the capacitor entirely might actually be best, the charging circuit might put out enough current on its own to deter squirrels.

You might do the job with a much simpler circuit. Any decently high inductance coil can give you a "bite" if a current is established through it and then removed while you're touching its contacts. This is the basis of the flash charger circuit...the growing or collapsing magnetic field of the coil induces a current in it, causing inductors to "attempt to maintain" a constant current. When a current is established and then the circuit is suddenly opened, the voltage across the inductor can become very high. If you hook an ordinary electromechanical relay up as a buzzer, with the coil in series with the normally-closed contacts, enough voltage might develop across the coil to deter squirrels, and the relay will generate an obnoxious noise to add to the effect.
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