Introduction

I have enjoyed reading about gravity and quantum mechanics since I was a teenager. I am an electronic engineer who has mostly worked on internet, webcam, multimedia, video and programming stuff. As such, I am more of a digital expert than a quantum physicist. I have read books such as Quantum Theory by David Bohm, Intro to Quantum Mechanics by Linus Pauling and E Bright Wilson, and various books on vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. I can follow the logic, and some of the simpler math, but I am no mathemagician, not even close.

I spent many years of my life working on a magnetic imaging system, and to be honest, I would appreciate some help with it. Many of the people here have the expert knowlege to really understand it. I am somewhat of a dreamer, it is part of who I am, but I do have a very technical side, and I was hoping the good people of this forum might take a little time to study my magnetic imaging work, and interpret the nature of it. Some of you are so accomplished, having great understanding of the implications of magnetic monopoles, string theory, electromagnetic interactions, particle physics and other advanced topics.

My work is freely available to anyone that would like to use it, and with that, I would like to present a precise and classical type analysis of a new method for imaging the magnetic permeability of the living body with a straightforward phase sensitive magnetic inductance approach.

Scrolling a Magnetic Vector Rod through Space

If we take a loop of copper wire and pass electrcity through it, we create a magnetic field which extends out of the copper loop. If we wind many turns of copper wire and apply an electrical current, we multiply the strength of our magnetic field. The magnetomotive force through a coil is defined as the number of turns of wire, multiplied by the current through the wire. The magnetomotive force is also equal to the magnetic flux through the coil, multiplied by the reluctance of the magnetic circuit:



The reluctance of a material to the setting up of magnetic flux is determined by the above equation, where the length of the magnetic path is divided by the permeability multiplied by the cross-sectional area. If we take two identical coils, with a common origin, and pass electrcity through both of the coils, the resultant magnetic field is given by the vector sum. We arrange two coils of common origin on an x-shaped structure:



By varying the current through the coils, we can point our magnetic flux to any angle within the 52 degrees of separation. For the sake of simplicity, if coil 2 is driven by 10 amps, and coil 1 has no current, the magnetic flux will point at +26. If the situation is reversed, the magnetic flux will point at -26. If both coils are driven with an equal current, the magnetic field will point straight ahead. Where each of the two coils are offset by 26 degrees, with simple vector addition we can calculate the angle which our magnetic flux will point for any applied currents:



Please note, I took these arbitrary equations from my notes, in this case the r1 variable corresponds to the current through coil 2. The r2 variable corresponds to the current through coil 1. Being that we can point our magnetic fields, we manufacture multiple dual-coil transmitters and place them in an equidistant fashion around a scanning ring, the area we wish to study. In the case of this geometric arrangement, each electromagnet is helping to focus the magnetic flux:



Clearly, this arrangement creates an octagon shaped scanning area in the center of our circle. If we think in terms of a raster scanning cathode ray tube, we can create video waveforms for each transmitter pair such that all of our magnetic fields are always pointing at the same spot, which is moved through space. We ensure that the magnetic vector sum from each transmitter pair is the same for every point. This has the effect of pulling a magnetic rod through space without changing the sum of the magnetic flux through our transmitters:



If we are using 16 bit digital to analog convertors, we can readily choose our squared force as 65536 x 65536 = 4294967296. By always ensuring the vector sum is equal, for each transmitter pair, we can focus our magnetic rod where we wish, and scroll it through space, without inducing a current in our receiver coils. We amplify all of our coil 1 and coil 2 video waveforms with high current transistor amplifiers, which allows us to raster scan our rod of magnetic flux through the scanning area. The following prototype, with added virtual rod, allows us to picture the overall idea: (please see next post)

If we use 16 bit digital to analog convertors, and our scanning diameter is 50cm (0.5/65536), then we can scan to a pixel size as small as 0.00000763 meters. Because the magnetic fields from each transmitter pair add by vector addition, we can actually achieve an even smaller sample size. By varying the angle between the transmitters, or bringing them closer together, we can change the resolution of the system. When designing the system, we have to consider the frequency response of the coils. In general we can make the scanner resonant at the required frequency by adding a capacitor in parallel with the coils. In the case of my prototype, I simply calculated the required inductance of my coils given the scanning frequency and coaxial cable effective capacitance:



In addition, we have to consider the charging phase of the coils. During the charging phase the magnetic flux is being established throughout the scanning area. In the case of this design, because we always ensure by vector addition that the angles change but the magnetomotive force is equal, we are essentially always operating at maximum current and flux. With this in mind, we have to ensure the rise time of the current coils is much less than the duration of each scanned point, at least this was my objective. Given the equations above, we can derive a time based equation to describe the establishment of magnetic flux by each transmitter pair:



Here we are assigning a constant K because the number of turns, cross-sectional area, and length of the path remain essentially unchanged during operation. During any one horizontal line, the very slight change in angle by each transmitter from one pixel to the next has essentially left the length of the path unchanged. Being that we have an approximate equation for the magnetic flux, we can gain some idea of the apparent response of the system to the permeability of the scanned area based on the given currents and frequencies:



If we scan at television, or computer monitor frequencies, it becomes a very easy matter to amplify the output of the system and display it on a monitor. We can use the same horizontal and vertical sync signals from the overall system to drive our output signal. We can connect all of the receiver coils, which are wrapped around the transmitters, in parallel, which effectively multiplies the output signal. We then amplify this signal to approximately 1 volt peak-to-peak, and lay it on top of a black composite video signal. At least, this was the straightforward method I employed for my original prototype. The horizontal frequency was 15.734KHz, the vertical frequency was the standard 60Hz. Being that the receiver coils will sense the change in magnetic flux, we can determine the induced voltage:



No matter the mathematical approach, the receiver coils will certainly sense the magnetic flux which varies depending on the permability of the substance at hand. In the case of my prototype, each receiver had 15 turns of wire. Being that the overall system had 8 receivers, the induced output voltage was automatically amplified by 120. It is important to remember, the vector sum of the transmitter coil fields always remains the same, as such the transmitters do not impart any change in flux to the receiver coils, other than perhaps momentarily at the start of each horizontal line.

Results

Although my early prototype only used 4-bit digital to analog convertors, I was at least able to scroll the magnetic rod through space at televison frequencies. Viewing the output wasn't as easy as I had hoped. The damn thing would somehow make the computers, which were running in parallel, crash within a few minutes. In addition, depending on the particular configuration, the system would create a magnetic anomaly which caused all the televisions in the surrounding vicinty (including the output monitor and televisions 100 feet away), to suddenly display a swirling kaleidoscope pattern in the middle. I had no conception of the forces I was unleashing.

With my humble oscilloscope, and limited resources, it was a real challenge to engineer. Due to the limited resolution, the original prototype was only capable of displaying crude images of my hand, and when I got brave enough, my head and brain. It sure was fun to watch my fingers dancing on the screen. The first time I got it all working I knew I'd really done something new. I spent 20 minutes jumping up and down. In short, a magical machine came to me in my dreams, and I built that dream, and it really did appear to work.

No matter the approach to understanding it, we can arrange dual-coil electromagnet transmitters and scroll a magnetic rod through space. And, we can sense the changing flux with receiver coils which are wrapped around the transmitters. Unlike an MRI or CAT scan, which are focused on physical structure, this imaging method has the capability to view the electromagnetic structure of living things. If I had enough money, I would be busy building a full scale version of this system.

The modern ATI video cards with genlock could make easy work of it. A PC with 8 PCI slots could run 8 ATI video cards, and with a little tweaking, the cards could all be made to run from the same horizontal and vertical sync signals. With all those synchronized video signals, it only takes a little work to design high current amps, and the related coils. Being on a single PC, a little software would unlock a world of magnetic experimentation.

Each video display could be filled up with waveforms based on user input, automatically creating all the data. You could pan and zoom, and test many configurations with a minimal amount of fuss. In addition, you can simply plug the video output into a monitor to confirm your video waveforms. They should appear as a repeating gradient pattern which fans out from a point in space where the coils are, off the side of the monitor so to speak, at the angle of that particular transmitter pair.

With some effort, and little luck, you could have a radical magnetic imaging system in time for Christmas! Well, that's why I'm here really, hoping some very smart people will pick up on my idea, and maybe bring a new and very beneficial technology to medical science, and maybe physics too. At the very least, I hope you've found some inspiring ideas here.

ehehehhhe,

you say you need help? looks like your right on target, a few variable may be missing, I think you identify them, very carefully.


what are the coils resonance?