So when physforum opened up I found my thread about 'global health' locked and, as I'm an avid follower of the environment, I still wanted to record what's happening.
And you're welcome to comment as long as you have relevant observations.
So whats new then.
Let's take a closer look at methane:)
This is Methane hydrates
"Originally thought to occur only in the outer regions of the Solar System where temperatures are low and water ice is common.
Significant deposits of methane clathrate have been found under sediments on the ocean floors of Earth. "
They have now also been found in shallow waters in the arctic.
"We had a hectic finishing of the sampling programme yesterday and this past night," said Dr Gustafsson from the Russian research ship Jacob Smirnitskyi.
"An extensive area of intense methane release was found. At earlier sites we had found elevated levels of dissolved methane. Yesterday, for the first time, we documented a field where the release was so intense that the methane did not have time to dissolve into the seawater but was rising as methane bubbles to the sea surface. These 'methane chimneys' were documented on echo sounder and with seismic [instruments]." At some locations, methane concentrations reached 100 times background levels. These anomalies have been seen in the East Siberian Sea and the Laptev Sea, covering several tens of thousands of square kilometers, amounting to millions of tons of methane, said Dr Gustafsson. "This may be of the same magnitude as presently estimated from the global ocean," he said. "Nobody knows how many more such areas exist on the extensive East Siberian continental shelves.""
From Methane time bomb
But they have been observed released in deep waters too. One off the coast of Norway, one off the coast of North Carolina, and probably elsewhere too. And remember that methane producing bacterias exist in the Perma frost on land too. As well as hydrates under the ground. Hydrates will be created by the combination of a low temperature (around 0 C) and pressure, depending on the pressure surrounding it it can remain stable at up to 18 C. So take away the pressure and it will rise but not as oil do. Remember that the 'permeability' of a gas is higher than that of water ('denser'). It will find 'ways' out everywhere.
" In fact, estimates are that more than 10% of the world’s hydrates are located on-shore in arctic permafrost; and a sizable — although not quantified — amount are in relatively shallow arctic seas. These are susceptible to melting from warming. And as we know, the polar regions are warming faster and will get hotter than the global average. So a sizable amount of the methane trapped in hydrates is vulnerable to release by warming."
Something similar is believed to have happened during the Permian-Triassic extinction event and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.
That happening ended " up to 96 percent of all marine species[3] and 70 percent of terrestrial vertebrate species becoming extinct; it is the only known mass extinction of insects. 57% of all families and 83% of all genera were killed off. The event had a profound effect on the terrestrial ecosystem, which is still being felt today, a quarter of a billion years later."
It all hinges together, what one can see looking at last year according to this article is that the artic ice is melting and not coming back. Also there are some sad observations about polar bears struggle for survival there. Another way of confirming those climate observations is to take a look at the overall weather. Read this piece of research from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).Permafrost threatened by rapid retreat of arctic sea ice.
As well as "Following almost a decade with little change in global atmospheric methane mole fraction, we present measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) networks that show renewed growth starting near the beginning of 2007.
Remarkably, a similar growth rate is found at all monitoring locations from this time until the latest measurements. We use these data, along with an inverse method applied to a simple model of atmospheric chemistry and transport, to investigate the possible drivers of the rise.
Specifically, the relative roles of an increase in emission rate or a decrease in concentration of the hydroxyl radical, the largest methane sink, are examined. We conclude that: 1) if the annual mean hydroxyl radical concentration did not change, a substantial increase in emissions was required simultaneously in both hemispheres between 2006 and 2007; 2) if a small drop in the hydroxyl radical concentration occurred, consistent with AGAGE methyl chloroform measurements, the emission increase is more strongly biased to the Northern Hemisphere."
From http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2008GL036037.shtml
Can we see any 'proofs' elsewhere in the arctic?
How about this? And this article states that there has been a major ice shelf loss for Canada
And finally " Earth's land surface was unusually warmer than normal last month (November) with some exceptions that pointed to a destabilizing stage of early imploding climate change.
The temperature pattern over land during November showed that Eurasia - the planet's biggest continent combining Asia with the smaller sub-continent of Europe - had a dramatic departure from normal temperatures. Across eastern European Russia, eastward through central Siberia and southward over the open plains of northern Kazakhstan, mean monthly temperature last month ranged from 5C - 10C degrees above normal.
The unusual high temperatures faded eastward and northward, although the warmth overall was still substantially warmer than usual with only relative few swaths of near normal temperatures. In much of China and India temperatures were from 1C to 3C degrees above normal.
The core of Europe also recorded substantially warmer than usual warmth that tapered westward over Russia to central Europe. However, there was a noticeable chill of 1C to 3C degrees below normal over the Iberian Peninsula to nearby northwest Africa.
Across the Americas the corridors of western Alaska experienced temperatures 2C to 4C degrees below normal. But the Alaskan Arctic - together with the southeast, most of Canada and the western half of the United States - were significantly warmer than usual and up to 4C degrees above normal.
The eastern and southeastern areas of the US experienced a warm start to the month but ended up slightly colder than usual. While in South America, big heat waves made for widespread warmth 2C to 4C degrees above normal in Argentina and in Brazil."
From http://www.dailyplanetmedia.com/
The so-called Bermuda Triangle sinkings are believed to be down to methane release where bubbles in huge numbers and size have meant ships are no longer buoyant and sink suddenly and without warning. Warmer waters will mean that oceans can hold less of such gases, so pumping more greenhouses gases into the atmosphere, so starting a cycle.
QUOTE (yor_on+Dec 8 2008, 12:02 PM)
Let's take a closer look at methane:)
This is Methane hydrates
"Originally thought to occur only in the outer regions of the Solar System where temperatures are low and water ice is common.
Significant deposits of methane clathrate have been found under sediments on the ocean floors of Earth"
(Hi, YorOn.
Off-topic 1: Take a quick look at iodomethane:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine
Off-topic 2: Is the kelp dying? Are deep-sea microorganisms dying off in great numbers? What about the floating "population" of microorganisms, dying off too?!?! I am thinking in that direction because if there is a source of energy there is a good chance someone else already got to it before us. I am betting it's the dying microorganisms.)
This is Methane hydrates
"Originally thought to occur only in the outer regions of the Solar System where temperatures are low and water ice is common.
Significant deposits of methane clathrate have been found under sediments on the ocean floors of Earth"
(Hi, YorOn.
Off-topic 1: Take a quick look at iodomethane:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine
Off-topic 2: Is the kelp dying? Are deep-sea microorganisms dying off in great numbers? What about the floating "population" of microorganisms, dying off too?!?! I am thinking in that direction because if there is a source of energy there is a good chance someone else already got to it before us. I am betting it's the dying microorganisms.)
Technical note from your moderator. Global Health, the original thread, is not "locked" in the moderator sense, but is read-only and hidden since it is on a forum that was created as part of a partnership with PhysOrg.com, a news site. We aren't their partners anymore, so we had to sit around alone on Valentine's Day and then WGN showed Somewhere in Time to add insult to injury.
Sorry for the inconvenience.
Sorry for the inconvenience.
IAM
"Is the kelp dying? "
As I read it, methane is a natural decay product of kelp - and as such a high kelp turnover releases a lot of methane. So high methane output is just a healthy sign of ocean production efficacy.
"Is the kelp dying? "
As I read it, methane is a natural decay product of kelp - and as such a high kelp turnover releases a lot of methane. So high methane output is just a healthy sign of ocean production efficacy.
QUOTE (bukh+Feb 17 2009, 05:36 AM)
methane is a natural decay product of kelp - and as such a high kelp turnover releases a lot of methane. So high methane output is just a healthy sign of ocean production efficacy.
Thank you! That is more than I ever knew about kelp in my life!
But I think backwardsinsideoutupsidedown
, and didn't state my case clearly enough, in fact I said the opposite of what I meant.
There is a chance that during a mass extinction of sea life the **surviving** sea organisms would adapt to the font of energy that becomes more abundant, methane. The methane release would only last for a few years while a life form would be evolving towards the use of a new energy source. That organism -whose existence is hypothetical, of course- may be a further cause for a a massive sea extinction later on: the sea would become poisonous!
(see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl
as noted in the original post, which was what made me go into this detour)
Would that be a possibility?
Thank you! That is more than I ever knew about kelp in my life!
But I think backwardsinsideoutupsidedown
, and didn't state my case clearly enough, in fact I said the opposite of what I meant.There is a chance that during a mass extinction of sea life the **surviving** sea organisms would adapt to the font of energy that becomes more abundant, methane. The methane release would only last for a few years while a life form would be evolving towards the use of a new energy source. That organism -whose existence is hypothetical, of course- may be a further cause for a a massive sea extinction later on: the sea would become poisonous!
(see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl
as noted in the original post, which was what made me go into this detour)
Would that be a possibility?
IAM
"Thank you! That is more than I ever knew about kelp in my life!"
Also more than I know - simply stolen from Wiki saying: "Kelp has a high rate of growth and its decay is quite efficient in yielding methane, as well as sugars ---"
As to your concern, I think that there is no reason for unduly worry thanks to the Gaia Hypothesis.
Or put differently - Mother Earth have been faced with a long line of similar problems over billions of year - and homeostasis would seem to be maintained every time.
"Thank you! That is more than I ever knew about kelp in my life!"
Also more than I know - simply stolen from Wiki saying: "Kelp has a high rate of growth and its decay is quite efficient in yielding methane, as well as sugars ---"
As to your concern, I think that there is no reason for unduly worry thanks to the Gaia Hypothesis.
Or put differently - Mother Earth have been faced with a long line of similar problems over billions of year - and homeostasis would seem to be maintained every time.
So are we fooled by some conspiracy of scientists?
Wanting to make money(?) and fame?
Not according to this.
According to 3,146 scientists it is. a recent U.S. survey based on the opinions of a "vast majority of the Earth scientists surveyed agree that in the past 200-plus years, mean global temperatures have been rising and that human activity is a significant contributing factor in changing mean global temperatures." http://tigger.uic.edu/~pdoran/012009_Doran_final.pdf
"Research carried out at the Climatic Research Unit at the UK's University of East Anglia (UEA) demonstrates for the first time that anthropogenic climate change is responsible for warming at the Arctic and Antarctic." http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/30...html#cnnSTCText
How about those wildfires in Australia then. Shouldn't the environmentalists take some blame for those?
They don't want us to cut down trees, right, wasn't it all those trees that worsened those fires? The Times (Monday, Feb. 09, 2009) has an article discussing the probable causes for those fires at http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,...1878220,00.html
According to a study "by the U.S. Geological Survey and involving the University of Colorado at Boulder and Oregon State University as well as other research institutes indicates tree deaths in the West's old-growth forests have more than doubled in recent decades, likely from regional warming and related drought conditions." http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/...90122141222.htm and forests in the pacific northwest are dying twice as fast as they were 17 years ago according to http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/01/22...html#cnnSTCText
But we still have our tropical rainforest's, don't we. This study gives us new facts about the importance of them. It says that "Tropical forest trees are absorbing about 18 percent of the CO2 added to the atmosphere each year from burning fossil fuels, substantially buffering the rate of climate change." http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/02/18...html#cnnSTCText
So how are we handling this planets rainforest's then? Here are some facts. "If deforestation continues at current rates, scientists estimate nearly 80 to 90 percent of tropical rainforest ecosystems will be destroyed by the year 2020. This destruction is the main force driving a species extinction rate unmatched in 65 million years." http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm
Ok, but we must have reduced some CO2 in the atmosphere by now, I mean with all this 'scare propaganda' from those 'bought' scientists and scaremongers. So even if CO2 was to blame in some way we are reducing it, right. Here is a recent update (4-Feb-2009) for our CO2 emissions http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/200...u-gwm020409.php by the American Geophysical Union. " Worldwide man-made emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main gas that causes global warming -- jumped 3 percent 2007 " http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/09/25/g...-emissions.html
And our oceans? How is it with them then? They are our primary 'heatsinks' for taking up CO2, aren't they?
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2009/126/3
You did notice this little paragraph in it? "the model does not take into account the effect of methane released by ocean sediments as the water warms. Methane reacts with oxygen and removes it from water. So it's possible, he says, that the "oxygen depletion would be much worse." Here is a study from from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. They state that "oxygen-poor regions of tropical oceans are expanding as the oceans warm, limiting the areas in which predatory fishes and other marine organisms can live or enter in search of food." http://scrippsnews.ucsd.edu/Releases/?releaseID=905
I'll finish with the newest approach to human folly. Nuclear powerplants, seen as the 'final' solution to CO2 for many. How come that we always are looking for that 'sword' to cut the gor(d)ian knot (a metaphor for an intractable problem, solved by a bold stroke)? http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/04/17...html#cnnSTCText and here we have a short description of how different countries try to solve their 'disposal' problems. http://www.dbe.de/en/final-disposal/worldw...ities/index.php
Just to bring some facts into that discussion. Did you know that "the time required for half of the atoms in any given quantity of a radioactive isotope to decay is the half-life of that isotope. Each particular isotope has its own half-life. For example, the half-life of 238U is 4.5 billion years. That is, in 4.5 billion years, half of the 238U on Earth will have decayed into other elements. In another 4.5 billion years, half of the remaining 238U will have decayed. One fourth of the original material will remain on Earth after 9 billion years. The half-life of 14 C is 5730 years, thus it is useful for dating archaeological material. Nuclear half-lives range from tiny fractions of a second to many, many times the age of the universe." And we don't as yet have any storage facilities that will hold even a hundred years. Here is a 'wiki' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste and here is a physics professors view. http://www.physicscentral.com/explore/writers/muller.cfm
What you have to remember reading about nuclear waste handling is that we have had it since the second world war, and that the pros and cons still are being debated. Those trusting in it puts their trust in technologies, still to come, for reprocessing the wastes. "In West Germany, 124,000 containers of low-level waste and some 1,300 containers of intermediate-level waste were disposed of in the Asse mine. Similarly, East Germany used the Morsleben mine for the disposal of its non-heat-generating waste. Both are located in a salt-dome and have been mined for decades for rock salt and potassium chloride. However, rock instabilities caused by extensive mining activities have led to problems of mechanical stability. Another major safety problem at Asse is that since 1988, 12 cubic meters of salt water has entered the mine daily--an amount that could change in the future. No matter the amount, the incoming brine will be lifted to the surface and discarded at a different facility." And In Sweden our plans for deposing our nuclear wastes in so called 'parent rock' (Bed rock) known as some of the most stable geological formations in the world is under questioning again as the copper capsules meant to contain the nuclear waste down in the 'mines' might decompose in only fifty years."During 2008, and highlighted in articles this past week, there has been statements that the maximum rate of corrosion of copper in pure water may be higher than anticipated. This is important to the nuclear issue because copper is one of the four barriers of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel And Waste Management Company (SKB) method of storing nuclear waste:"
(Only Swedish, sorry about that) http://nuclearpoweryesplease.org/pub/Peter..._los_27550a.pdf
And in America they tried to dilute the waste first and then cast it in solid glass capsules, but the glass became brittle due to heat and 'isotopic decay'. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal...ETRY=1&SRETRY=0
All of the western countries have tried to deport their wastes, but nowadays no country will take it any more. With the possible exception of dictatorship third world countries where the indigenous population gets no vote. And in Russia they already have some of the worst radioactively contaminated regions in the world http://www.american.edu/ted/ural.htm. Slawomir Grunberg made a documentary film about that one. http://www.logtv.com/films/chelyabinsk/
And there have been accidents elsewhere too, not as serious as Chernobyl but dangerous enough, both in the States and in Europe.
That doesn't mean that we shouldn't continue researching nuclear power as one of the alternatives, but it is not 'the' solution that some want you to believe. The best would be, as I see it, a lot of small scale projects involving wind, sun, water, geothermic energy and so on. Created by people on the 'spot' where they need it and adapted to that region. Nuclear plants should only be seen as a solution when all else already have been tried.
As everything else I've observed under my time on this Earth it seems mostly as a shortsighted struggle about whose is the 'power' to decide.
And 'they' expect us to 'adapt'.
But this time it will be somewhat more difficult than what they expect, I think.
Wanting to make money(?) and fame?
Not according to this.
According to 3,146 scientists it is. a recent U.S. survey based on the opinions of a "vast majority of the Earth scientists surveyed agree that in the past 200-plus years, mean global temperatures have been rising and that human activity is a significant contributing factor in changing mean global temperatures." http://tigger.uic.edu/~pdoran/012009_Doran_final.pdf
"Research carried out at the Climatic Research Unit at the UK's University of East Anglia (UEA) demonstrates for the first time that anthropogenic climate change is responsible for warming at the Arctic and Antarctic." http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/30...html#cnnSTCText
How about those wildfires in Australia then. Shouldn't the environmentalists take some blame for those?
They don't want us to cut down trees, right, wasn't it all those trees that worsened those fires? The Times (Monday, Feb. 09, 2009) has an article discussing the probable causes for those fires at http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,...1878220,00.html
According to a study "by the U.S. Geological Survey and involving the University of Colorado at Boulder and Oregon State University as well as other research institutes indicates tree deaths in the West's old-growth forests have more than doubled in recent decades, likely from regional warming and related drought conditions." http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/...90122141222.htm and forests in the pacific northwest are dying twice as fast as they were 17 years ago according to http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/science/01/22...html#cnnSTCText
But we still have our tropical rainforest's, don't we. This study gives us new facts about the importance of them. It says that "Tropical forest trees are absorbing about 18 percent of the CO2 added to the atmosphere each year from burning fossil fuels, substantially buffering the rate of climate change." http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/02/18...html#cnnSTCText
So how are we handling this planets rainforest's then? Here are some facts. "If deforestation continues at current rates, scientists estimate nearly 80 to 90 percent of tropical rainforest ecosystems will be destroyed by the year 2020. This destruction is the main force driving a species extinction rate unmatched in 65 million years." http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm
Ok, but we must have reduced some CO2 in the atmosphere by now, I mean with all this 'scare propaganda' from those 'bought' scientists and scaremongers. So even if CO2 was to blame in some way we are reducing it, right. Here is a recent update (4-Feb-2009) for our CO2 emissions http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/200...u-gwm020409.php by the American Geophysical Union. " Worldwide man-made emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main gas that causes global warming -- jumped 3 percent 2007 " http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/09/25/g...-emissions.html
And our oceans? How is it with them then? They are our primary 'heatsinks' for taking up CO2, aren't they?
http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2009/126/3
You did notice this little paragraph in it? "the model does not take into account the effect of methane released by ocean sediments as the water warms. Methane reacts with oxygen and removes it from water. So it's possible, he says, that the "oxygen depletion would be much worse." Here is a study from from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. They state that "oxygen-poor regions of tropical oceans are expanding as the oceans warm, limiting the areas in which predatory fishes and other marine organisms can live or enter in search of food." http://scrippsnews.ucsd.edu/Releases/?releaseID=905
I'll finish with the newest approach to human folly. Nuclear powerplants, seen as the 'final' solution to CO2 for many. How come that we always are looking for that 'sword' to cut the gor(d)ian knot (a metaphor for an intractable problem, solved by a bold stroke)? http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/04/17...html#cnnSTCText and here we have a short description of how different countries try to solve their 'disposal' problems. http://www.dbe.de/en/final-disposal/worldw...ities/index.php
Just to bring some facts into that discussion. Did you know that "the time required for half of the atoms in any given quantity of a radioactive isotope to decay is the half-life of that isotope. Each particular isotope has its own half-life. For example, the half-life of 238U is 4.5 billion years. That is, in 4.5 billion years, half of the 238U on Earth will have decayed into other elements. In another 4.5 billion years, half of the remaining 238U will have decayed. One fourth of the original material will remain on Earth after 9 billion years. The half-life of 14 C is 5730 years, thus it is useful for dating archaeological material. Nuclear half-lives range from tiny fractions of a second to many, many times the age of the universe." And we don't as yet have any storage facilities that will hold even a hundred years. Here is a 'wiki' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste and here is a physics professors view. http://www.physicscentral.com/explore/writers/muller.cfm
What you have to remember reading about nuclear waste handling is that we have had it since the second world war, and that the pros and cons still are being debated. Those trusting in it puts their trust in technologies, still to come, for reprocessing the wastes. "In West Germany, 124,000 containers of low-level waste and some 1,300 containers of intermediate-level waste were disposed of in the Asse mine. Similarly, East Germany used the Morsleben mine for the disposal of its non-heat-generating waste. Both are located in a salt-dome and have been mined for decades for rock salt and potassium chloride. However, rock instabilities caused by extensive mining activities have led to problems of mechanical stability. Another major safety problem at Asse is that since 1988, 12 cubic meters of salt water has entered the mine daily--an amount that could change in the future. No matter the amount, the incoming brine will be lifted to the surface and discarded at a different facility." And In Sweden our plans for deposing our nuclear wastes in so called 'parent rock' (Bed rock) known as some of the most stable geological formations in the world is under questioning again as the copper capsules meant to contain the nuclear waste down in the 'mines' might decompose in only fifty years."During 2008, and highlighted in articles this past week, there has been statements that the maximum rate of corrosion of copper in pure water may be higher than anticipated. This is important to the nuclear issue because copper is one of the four barriers of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel And Waste Management Company (SKB) method of storing nuclear waste:"
(Only Swedish, sorry about that) http://nuclearpoweryesplease.org/pub/Peter..._los_27550a.pdf
And in America they tried to dilute the waste first and then cast it in solid glass capsules, but the glass became brittle due to heat and 'isotopic decay'. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal...ETRY=1&SRETRY=0
All of the western countries have tried to deport their wastes, but nowadays no country will take it any more. With the possible exception of dictatorship third world countries where the indigenous population gets no vote. And in Russia they already have some of the worst radioactively contaminated regions in the world http://www.american.edu/ted/ural.htm. Slawomir Grunberg made a documentary film about that one. http://www.logtv.com/films/chelyabinsk/
And there have been accidents elsewhere too, not as serious as Chernobyl but dangerous enough, both in the States and in Europe.
That doesn't mean that we shouldn't continue researching nuclear power as one of the alternatives, but it is not 'the' solution that some want you to believe. The best would be, as I see it, a lot of small scale projects involving wind, sun, water, geothermic energy and so on. Created by people on the 'spot' where they need it and adapted to that region. Nuclear plants should only be seen as a solution when all else already have been tried.
As everything else I've observed under my time on this Earth it seems mostly as a shortsighted struggle about whose is the 'power' to decide.
And 'they' expect us to 'adapt'.
But this time it will be somewhat more difficult than what they expect, I think.
Rpenner?
You wrote
"is not "locked" in the moderator sense, but is read-only"
'Locked' then?
Is that when it's gone in its entirely.
Sorry, I don't get the 'difference' here?
But it's ok, I guess I might learn:)
You wrote
"is not "locked" in the moderator sense, but is read-only"
'Locked' then?
Is that when it's gone in its entirely.
Sorry, I don't get the 'difference' here?
But it's ok, I guess I might learn:)
QUOTE (yor_on+Feb 20 2009, 07:13 PM)
But we still have our tropical rainforest's, don't we
20% of the Amazon jungle has disappeared without a trace and no one knows as little as where the money is. Gone.
(Man! I didn't know you are Swedish!)
20% of the Amazon jungle has disappeared without a trace and no one knows as little as where the money is. Gone.
(Man! I didn't know you are Swedish!)
IA.
Who said I'm Swedish?
I may confirm it, but then I'll have to selfimplode:)
Yep.
Who said I'm Swedish?
I may confirm it, but then I'll have to selfimplode:)
Yep.
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