The commandment says "thou shalt not murder" in the original Hebrew. "kill" and "murder" are two very distinct words.
I think this is also why the Egyptians are told to have suffered at the hands of God and not through violence of Jewish retaliation. If there are other parts of the bible that prescribe killing, this seems hypocritical to me - but they might have been added through the years (by trolls?) or they might be symbolic stories making a point using killing as a metaphor even though they are not really meant to prescribe killing.
The commandments in Exodus and Leviticus prescribe death as the penalty for certain heresies, blasphemies, and certain sexual sins.
Death penalty is not the same thing as murder. Until you can make that distinction with some sort of integrity, you will never understand the Old Testament of the Bible.
Death penalty is the lawful, God-ordained function of ending the life of a severe offender to prevent them from hurting others.
Murder is the taking of the life of an innocent victim.
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In short, I don't believe that the commandment not to kill has exceptions. Killing is always a sin, even though Christians would also have to admit that it is a forgivable sin the same as any other if and when people confess it to God and seek redemption. As long as people deny the sinfulness of an act of killing, they cannot find forgiveness and deliverance from the shame that keeps them in denial. This makes sense to me but please don't insult or ridicule me for saying so and explaining it.
Get a hebrew concordance and look up the word "Kill". You will find there are many, many hebrew words that all get translated as "kill", yet they actually have very distinct, specific definitions and usages.
The commandment "Thou shalt not kill" has never applied to the Death Penalty and other matters of law enforcement, or military campaigns, and it was never interpreted that way in either the Old Testament nor the New Testament. As internal evidence found in the Bible, I cite Paul, the premier expert on the Old Testament.
(speaking of Godly rulers)
Romans 13:4
For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid;
for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil.
The notion of an "all accepting, all benevolent God" has never been taught in Judaism or Christianity, and definitely cannot be found in the Bible; John 3:16 is qualified, after all, by belief and consequently obedience. Jesus said that he did not come to condemn the world because the world was condemned already. That is, Jesus isn't sending anyone to hell. They send themselves to hell.
In the matters of Genocide, one must understand that God is all-knowing. He knows absolutely that the individuals who were slain in these acts of judgment were absolutely guilty of these crimes. While skeptics may doubt the validity and the historicity of the documents, the fact remains that an all knowing God knows absolutely every act of evil each and every one of us has committed(unless has already been forgiven by him, as he willfully chooses to forget it under those conditions.)
In other words, when God orderer Joshua, and later Saul, to kill certain races, we must understand that absolutely every indivual, of whatever age, race, or sex, was in fact guilty of death for one reason or another, and that moreover, they were unredeemably corrupted within the confines fo free will.
Moreover, the judgment of God goes beyond simply punishment that we "deserve" for sin. Everyone "deserves" death. If there were any judgment and justice, we would all be put to death, because each and every one of us has sinned against God, and most countless times.
Genesis 6:5And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that
every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
I'm sure all math majors know what the word "continually" means. In that there is in fact never a moment where we aren't doing something that displeases God in some way, because we are so corrupt that we lie, cheat, lust, steal, hate, etc, etc, something of that sort from moment to moment. If one examines themself honestly for any lenght of time, they will discover this to be irrefutable truth.
If "justice" were done, every person alive would be destroyed right now.
Later, we see this following passage when God is about to pour out a similar judgment upon many in the house of Israel. Though not all of such events are recorded, we do have internal evidence in the Bible that God always gives more than ample warning to any individual or civilization before such judgment is carried out. I.E. See the story of Rahab, where it is stated by RAHAB that the people of Jericho knew God was going to destroy them and deliver them into the hands of Israel....most still refused to repent...
Ezekiel 33:11
Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord GOD,
I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?
But indeed there comes a time when a rabid dog must be put down, lest the disease spread and infect others. Such was the case at Sodom, where not only was homosexuality rampant, but the civilization had degenerated to the point that the MAJORITY of people were homosexuals, and they had even developed a culture of gang raping "male" visitors. Yet God told Abraham that if he found so much as ten righteous people in the city he would spare it(note that God already knew there weren't ten righteous in the city). When the angels arrive, they find only one person who is even trying to live for God, and even he screws up more often than not, and this is Lot. Yet the Bible says that as bad off as Lot was, he vexed his soul for the sake of Sodom, i.e. praying to God on thier behalf and trying to talk sense to them.
Thus God did not destroy ANY "innocents" at Sodom and Gomorah, or anywhere else for that matter. Every person who died was guilty of death, and had decades of warning from man who later appears in Paul's "Hall of faith". passage in the epistle of Hebrews. So then they are without excuse.