Question; How many watts of air conditioner power are required
to eliminate a certain amount of heat wattage produced by indoor appliances?

As an example, let's say that an air conditioner is
keeping a home at 78 degrees, and then a 100 watt
light bulb is turned on inside, releasing 100 watts of
heating into the indoor air. Then how
many additional watts would be required for the air
conditioner to maintain the temperature?

I would guess that it would be at least 100 extra air conditioner
watts, plus more for inefficiency waste, maybe coming to
150 watts or more, making the burning of the 100 watt
lightbulb to cost upwards of 300 watts or so of electric power.

I'm certain I could find the answer somewhere on google,
but there is so much information on there nowadays that
it is sometimes easier to ask someone in the know.
So thanks in advance for any "cool illumination" on this question!

The answer is no it doesn't require at least 100 watts of air conditioner power to eliminate 100 watts of heat produced from appliances. A heat pump cooler operating at COP_{cooling} 2.0 removes 2 units of heat for each unit of energy consumed (e.g. an air conditioner consuming 1 kWh would remove 2 kWh of heat from a building's air).