Yes you could. Depends on what your trying to achieve. When talking about programmable matter your talking about something extremely small. Too small to have such a device. A single quantum dot would be the size of a catom - which is a programmable atom.

So that would not necessarily work for programmable matter per se (although if you were to scale up the size of catoms perhaps) but if you were seeking some of sort of 3d tv then that idea could work well.

In terms of some of the other things. Most of what you describe is already being worked on, it's called programmable matter.

In terms of particle organization, that is actually one of the easy parts. Carnegie Mellon University and Cambridge University both have done a fair bit of work on programming for the integration and control of thousands of individual particles.

In regards to the question about particle communication, there are a number of ways people are working on accomplishing this. You can look up smart dust for more info.

Also a lot of what is being described is being made far to difficult. What you are describing is relatively easy compared to what some scientists are trying to accomplish.

All you really need is a paint that changes color based off of some kind of input. You could just exploit chemical or physical properties that cause change in color. For example with quantum dots, the color changes with the size. Meaning you can have the exact same material and only by increasing the size of each dot you can change its color.

Also remember the human eye generalizes information, including color. Really it seems alls you need to do is have some kind of OLED based wallpaper.